What Is the State Bird of Kansas?

The state bird of Kansas is the Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Officially adopted in 1937, this melodious songbird was chosen for its vibrant yellow breast, distinctive black V-shaped marking, and its presence across the state's grasslands. As a symbol deeply rooted in Kansas heritage, the Western Meadowlark represents the spirit of the prairie and the enduring connection between Kansans and their natural environment. Among the most frequently searched variations of what is the state bird of Kansas, many users are also asking about its significance, appearance, and where to observe it in the wild—making this both a cultural and biological inquiry worth exploring in depth.

History and Adoption of the Western Meadowlark

Kansas officially designated the Western Meadowlark as its state bird on March 23, 1937. This decision came after a campaign led by schoolchildren and supported by the Kansas Audubon Society, which emphasized the bird’s widespread presence and symbolic resonance with the state’s rural identity. At the time, several states were selecting official birds through public input, and Kansas followed suit with a democratic process involving students from across the state.

Prior to 1937, no official state bird existed in Kansas legislation. The meadowlark emerged as a favorite due to its cheerful song, familiar silhouette perched on fence posts, and year-round visibility in open fields. It beat out other native candidates such as the Northern Cardinal and the Bobwhite Quail. Notably, the Western Meadowlark is not exclusive to Kansas—it is also the state bird of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming—highlighting its broad cultural importance across the Great Plains and western United States.

Biological Profile: What Makes the Western Meadowlark Unique?

Scientifically known as Sturnella neglecta, the Western Meadowlark is a medium-sized icterid, part of the blackbird family (Icteridae). Despite its name, it is not closely related to true larks but earns the title “meadowlark” due to its habitat and melodic voice. Here are key biological characteristics:

• Size: Approximately 8.5–11 inches (22–28 cm) in length, with a wingspan of about 16 inches.
• Weight: Ranges from 3.1 to 4.1 ounces (88–115 grams).
• Plumage: Bright yellow underparts with a bold black 'V' on the chest; brownish upperparts with dark streaks providing camouflage in grasslands.
• Beak: Long, pointed, and slightly curved—ideal for probing soil for insects.
• Voice: Known for its flute-like, bubbling song, often described as one of the most beautiful bird calls in North America.

The Western Meadowlark primarily feeds on insects during spring and summer, switching to seeds and grains in winter. Its diet includes beetles, grasshoppers, ants, and weed seeds, making it beneficial for natural pest control in agricultural areas—a practical reason for its popularity among farmers and conservationists alike.

Distinguishing the Western from the Eastern Meadowlark

A common point of confusion addressed in searches related to what is the state bird of Kansas involves distinguishing between the Western and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). While they look nearly identical, there are subtle differences:

Feature	Western Meadowlark	Eastern Meadowlark
Range in Kansas	Statewide, especially common in western and central regions	Rare; mostly found in southeastern counties
Vocalization	Clear, musical warble with descending notes	Simpler, whistled phrases, less complex
Under-tail Coverts	White with clear black barring	Creamy or buff-colored, less distinct barring
Bill Color	Paler, more flesh-toned	Darker, grayish
Habitat Preference	Drier grasslands, pastures, rangelands	Moister meadows, wetter fields

Because visual identification can be misleading, birders are encouraged to rely on vocalizations when determining species. Audio recordings available through platforms like the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s Macauley Library can help train the ear to recognize these distinctions.

Symbols and Cultural Significance in Kansas

The Western Meadowlark is more than just a bird—it's a cultural emblem. Its image appears on Kansas license plates, school murals, and local artwork. The bird symbolizes resilience, simplicity, and the beauty of the open plains. In Native American traditions, particularly among Plains tribes such as the Kansa (from whom the state gets its name), birds like the meadowlark were seen as messengers and signs of seasonal change.

In modern times, the meadowlark is celebrated during local festivals and used in environmental education programs. Schools often incorporate lessons about the state bird into curricula around Kansas Day (January 29), reinforcing civic pride and ecological awareness. Additionally, the bird’s song has inspired poets and musicians, including folk artists who have referenced it in songs about heartland values and rural life.

Where and When to See the Western Meadowlark in Kansas

For birdwatchers interested in observing the state bird firsthand, knowing where to find the Western Meadowlark in Kansas enhances the experience. These birds thrive in open habitats such as native prairies, hayfields, pastures, and along roadsides with minimal tree cover. Some top locations include:

• Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (Strong City): One of the best remaining tracts of unplowed tallgrass prairie, offering ideal meadowlark habitat.
• Quivira National Wildlife Refuge (Stafford County): A mix of wetlands and grasslands attracts diverse birdlife, including nesting meadowlarks.
• Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge: Located in eastern Kansas, this area supports healthy populations despite being near forested zones.
• Roadside Rest Areas Across I-70: Many state-maintained rest stops preserve native vegetation and serve as unofficial birding hotspots.

The best time to spot and hear Western Meadowlarks is early morning during the breeding season (April through July). Males sing from elevated perches like fence posts or tall weeds to defend territory and attract mates. During winter, they may form small flocks and move to agricultural fields, making them visible but less vocal.

Conservation Status and Environmental Challenges

While still relatively common, the Western Meadowlark has experienced population declines in recent decades. According to the North American Breeding Bird Survey, numbers have dropped by over 50% since the 1960s, primarily due to habitat loss from intensive agriculture, urban development, and conversion of native prairie to monoculture crops.

Kansas plays a crucial role in conservation efforts. Programs like the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) incentivize landowners to maintain grasslands, directly benefiting meadowlarks and other grassland-dependent species. Additionally, organizations such as the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks promote native plant restoration and sustainable land management practices.

Birders and citizens can contribute by supporting local land trusts, participating in citizen science projects like eBird, and advocating for policies that protect open spaces. Even backyard habitat improvements—such as reducing pesticide use and planting native grasses—can provide micro-refuges for these birds.

Common Misconceptions About the State Bird

Despite its official status, several misconceptions persist about the Western Meadowlark in Kansas:

1. It’s the same as the Eastern Meadowlark: As previously discussed, while visually similar, they are separate species with different songs and slight plumage variations.
2. It migrates south entirely in winter: Some individuals do migrate, but many remain in Kansas year-round, especially if food sources are available.
3. It’s a rare bird: On the contrary, it remains one of the most commonly seen grassland birds in the state, though declining in some areas.
4. All meadowlarks are state birds: Only the Western subspecies holds this honor in Kansas; the Eastern does not share the title.

How to Teach Children About the State Bird

Educators and parents can use the Western Meadowlark as an engaging entry point into broader topics like ecology, civics, and music. Activities might include:

• Listening to and imitating the bird’s song using online audio tools.
• Drawing or coloring detailed illustrations focusing on field marks like the black 'V' and yellow throat.
• Planting native wildflowers and grasses in school gardens to attract local birds.
• Visiting a nature center or wildlife refuge for guided bird walks.
• Writing short reports comparing Kansas’s state bird to those of neighboring states.

These hands-on experiences reinforce learning while fostering appreciation for local biodiversity.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Kansas choose the Western Meadowlark as its state bird?

Kansas selected the Western Meadowlark in 1937 because of its prevalence across the state, its pleasant song, and its representation of the prairie ecosystem. It was also a popular choice among schoolchildren involved in the selection process.

Can you keep a Western Meadowlark as a pet?

No. The Western Meadowlark is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. It is illegal to capture, possess, or harm this bird without federal permits.

Does the Western Meadowlark appear on the Kansas state flag or seal?

No, the Western Meadowlark does not appear on the official state seal or flag, but it is featured on Kansas license plates and various educational materials.

Is the Western Meadowlark endangered in Kansas?

No, it is not currently listed as endangered. However, it is considered a species of conservation concern due to habitat loss and population trends.

How can I identify a Western Meadowlark by sound?

Listen for a rich, flute-like melody consisting of gurgling notes that rise and fall musically. Apps like Merlin Bird ID can help match sounds to species using your smartphone.

In summary, understanding what is the state bird of Kansas leads to a deeper appreciation of both natural history and cultural identity. The Western Meadowlark stands not only as a legal designation but as a living symbol of the state’s ecological character and enduring landscape. Whether heard singing at dawn on the prairie or studied in a classroom, this bird continues to inspire wonder and stewardship across generations.