What to Feed Newborn Birds: Expert Guide

When determining what to feed newborn birds, it is essential to understand that their dietary needs are highly specific and vary significantly by species. A proper diet for newborn birds often includes a high-protein mixture resembling the insects or regurgitated food provided by their parents in the wild. For those asking what to feed newborn birds, the most accurate answer is: a specialized formula designed for altricial (helpless at birth) bird species, typically available from avian veterinarians or wildlife rehabilitation centers. In emergency situations before professional help is available, a temporary homemade substitute can be made using hard-boiled egg yolk, plain baby cereal, and small amounts of moistened dog food, but this should never replace professional care. Never feed newborn birds water directly, as they receive hydration through their food.

Understanding Newborn Bird Biology and Development

Newborn birds, also known as nestlings, are generally categorized into two types: altricial and precocial. Altricial birds—such as robins, sparrows, and hawks—are born blind, featherless, and entirely dependent on parental care. These species require frequent feeding, sometimes every 15–30 minutes during daylight hours. Precocial birds—like ducks, geese, and chickens—hatch with down feathers, open eyes, and the ability to walk and feed themselves shortly after hatching.

Because most rescued or found newborn birds are altricial, the question what to feed newborn birds most often refers to these helpless creatures. Their digestive systems are not equipped to process seeds, bread, or milk—common human misconceptions. Instead, they need soft, protein-rich foods that mimic the insect-based diets fed by their parents.

Species-Specific Dietary Needs

One of the most critical factors in feeding newborn birds is identifying the species. Different birds have vastly different nutritional requirements:

• Insectivores (e.g., swallows, warblers, flycatchers): Require live or rehydrated insects such as mealworms, crickets, or commercial insectivore paste.
• Omnivores (e.g., robins, blue jays): Need a mix of insects, soft fruits, and occasionally small amounts of plant matter.
• Raptors (e.g., owls, hawks): Must be fed whole prey items like mice or chicks, which provide essential calcium and nutrients from bones and organs.
• Precocial birds (e.g., ducklings): Can eat specially formulated game bird starter feed or crushed layer pellets with added niacin.

Mistakenly feeding a seed-eating adult bird diet to a newborn insectivore can lead to malnutrition, developmental issues, or death.

Commercial Formulas vs. Homemade Mixes

The safest option when caring for a newborn bird is to use a commercially available hand-feeding formula designed for birds. Products such as Kaytee Exact, Roudybush Baby Bird Food, or Zupreem Recovery Formula are scientifically balanced for avian nutritional needs. These powders are mixed with warm water to create a slurry and fed via syringe (without the needle) or small spoon.

While some may search for answers to what to feed newborn birds at home, homemade diets should only be used as a short-term emergency solution until professional help is obtained. A common temporary recipe includes:

• 1 hard-boiled egg yolk (rich in protein and fats)
• 1 teaspoon plain, unsweetened baby rice cereal
• 1/2 teaspoon moistened puppy food (high-quality, meat-based)
• A few drops of avian vitamin supplement (if available)

This mixture should be warmed slightly and offered in small portions using a dropper or small syringe. Overfeeding or incorrect temperature can cause aspiration or crop stasis.

Feeding Techniques and Frequency

Proper feeding technique is just as important as the food itself. Newborn birds have tiny mouths and underdeveloped digestive tracts. Here are key guidelines:

• Frequency: Feed every 15–30 minutes from dawn to dusk for most altricial species.
• Amount: Offer only what fits in the bird’s mouth; overfilling can lead to choking.
• Temperature: Food should be lukewarm (around 100–105°F / 38–40°C). Test on your wrist before feeding.
• Method: Gently stimulate the beak to trigger the feeding response. Do not force food down the throat.

The crop—a pouch in the bird’s neck—should fill gently and empty within 2–3 hours. If the crop remains full, stop feeding and seek veterinary help immediately.

Common Mistakes and Misconceptions

Many well-meaning individuals make dangerous assumptions about what to feed newborn birds. Common myths include:

• Myth: Bread and milk are suitable – Birds cannot digest milk, and bread lacks essential nutrients.
• Myth: Water should be given separately – Nestlings get all necessary moisture from their food. Offering water can lead to drowning or aspiration.
• Myth: Any pet food will do – Dog or cat food may contain harmful additives and imbalanced nutrients.
• Myth: You can raise a wild bird at home – In most countries, it is illegal to keep native wild birds without a permit.

Even if you know what to feed newborn birds, long-term survival requires expertise in thermoregulation, hygiene, and species-specific behavior.

When to Contact a Wildlife Rehabilitator

Finding a baby bird does not always mean intervention is needed. If the bird is fully feathered and hopping around, it may be a fledgling learning to fly—its parents are likely nearby. However, if the bird is injured, cold, or clearly orphaned (e.g., nest destroyed, parents killed), contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator immediately.

These professionals are trained in avian nutrition and care. They can identify species, assess health, and provide appropriate formulas and housing. To find one near you, search “wildlife rehab near me” or contact local animal control, nature centers, or avian vets.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

In the United States, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act makes it illegal to possess, feed, or raise native wild birds without federal and state permits. This law exists to protect both birds and people. Improper handling can result in fines or harm to the animal.

Similar laws exist in Canada, the UK, Australia, and many other countries. Always verify local regulations before intervening. Even with good intentions, keeping a wild bird can disrupt natural ecosystems and prevent successful reintroduction.

Environmental and Seasonal Factors

The time of year affects the availability of natural food sources and the likelihood of encountering newborn birds. Spring and early summer are peak nesting seasons across North America and Europe. During this period, more nestlings fall from nests due to storms, predators, or human activity.

In warmer climates, breeding seasons may extend longer, increasing the chances of finding dependent young. Urban environments pose additional risks—cats, windows, and pesticides reduce survival rates. Knowing what to feed newborn birds is less useful than creating safe habitats and supporting conservation efforts.

Prevention and Public Education

Instead of focusing solely on emergency feeding, public education plays a crucial role in protecting newborn birds. Simple actions can reduce the number of displaced nestlings:

• Keep cats indoors during breeding season.
• Avoid trimming trees and shrubs when nests are active.
• Install window decals to prevent bird collisions.
• Support local wildlife centers through donations or volunteering.

Teaching children and communities about bird life cycles fosters respect and reduces unnecessary interventions.

What Not to Feed Newborn Birds: A Quick Reference

Foods to Avoid	Reason
Bread or crackers	No nutritional value; can cause malnutrition
Milk or dairy	Birds lack lactase; causes digestive distress
Seeds or grains	Too hard to digest; blocks crop
Human baby formula	Incorrect protein/fat ratio; may contain sugar
Raw meat or eggs	Risk of salmonella or bacterial infection

Conclusion: Prioritize Professional Care

To reiterate, the best answer to what to feed newborn birds is: consult a licensed wildlife rehabilitator and use a species-appropriate, high-protein formula. While temporary homemade solutions exist, they are not substitutes for professional care. Feeding the wrong food—even with good intentions—can be fatal. Understanding bird biology, legal restrictions, and ethical responsibilities ensures that our compassion translates into effective, life-saving action.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I feed a baby bird with an eyedropper?

You can use an eyedropper or small syringe to deliver formula, but extreme caution is required to avoid aspiration. Only attempt this if no rehabilitator is immediately available.

How often should I feed a newborn bird?

Most altricial birds need to be fed every 15–30 minutes from sunrise to sunset. Fledglings require less frequent meals.

What should I do if I find a baby bird on the ground?

If it’s feathered and hopping, leave it alone—parents are likely nearby. If naked, injured, or cold, place it in a ventilated box with warmth and contact a wildlife rehabilitator.

Is it safe to feed a baby bird dog food?

Only high-quality, meat-based moist dog food should be used temporarily—and only mixed with other ingredients. It’s not ideal and should not be used long-term.

Do newborn birds drink water?

No. They get all hydration from their food. Do not offer water orally, as it can lead to drowning.