What Is Kansas State Bird: The Western Meadowlark

The Kansas state bird is the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), a vibrant, songful grassland bird known for its bright yellow underparts and distinctive black V-shaped marking on the chest. Officially designated as the state symbol in 1937, the western meadowlark represents not only the natural heritage of Kansas but also the broader cultural significance of birds in American identity. As one of the most frequently searched avian symbols—phrases like 'what is Kansas state bird' and 'Kansas official bird name' consistently trend among nature enthusiasts and students alike—the western meadowlark stands out for both its biological traits and symbolic resonance.

Historical Background: Why the Western Meadowlark Was Chosen

The selection of the western meadowlark as Kansas’s official state bird was more than an arbitrary decision—it reflected a deep connection between the people of Kansas and their native landscape. In 1937, following a campaign led by schoolchildren and supported by the Kansas Audubon Society, the state legislature voted to adopt the western meadowlark over competing candidates such as the meadowlark’s eastern cousin and the northern bobwhite.

At the time, states were increasingly adopting official symbols—from flowers to birds—as part of a growing movement to foster civic pride and environmental awareness during the Great Depression era. The western meadowlark won favor due to its widespread presence across Kansas prairies, its cheerful and complex song, and its non-migratory habits in many regions, making it a year-round resident that could be reliably associated with the state.

Interestingly, while some might confuse it with the eastern meadowlark—which looks nearly identical but has a different call—the western species is more common in the central plains, including Kansas. This distinction became important in ornithological circles, reinforcing the legitimacy of choosing a truly regionally representative bird.

Biological Profile: Identifying the Western Meadowlark

To understand why the western meadowlark embodies the spirit of Kansas, it helps to examine its physical and behavioral characteristics:

• Scientific Name: Sturnella neglecta
• Length: 6.5–10 inches (17–25 cm)
• Wingspan: 13–16 inches (33–41 cm)
• Weight: 3.1–4.1 oz (87–115 g)
• Lifespan: Typically 2–5 years in the wild, though some individuals live up to 8 years
• Diet: Insects (especially beetles, grasshoppers), seeds, and grain
• Habitat: Open grasslands, pastures, agricultural fields, and prairie remnants

One of the most distinguishing features of the western meadowlark is its flute-like, bubbling song—a series of clear whistles often described as sounding like "spring-of-the-year." This vocalization plays a key role in territory defense and mating. Males sing from fence posts, tall weeds, or low shrubs, especially at dawn and dusk.

Despite their bright plumage, western meadowlarks are surprisingly elusive on the ground, where they build cup-shaped nests hidden in dense grass. Their cryptic brown upperparts help them blend into the prairie environment, protecting them from predators such as hawks, snakes, and foxes.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance Across States

The western meadowlark holds symbolic importance far beyond Kansas. It is the official state bird of six U.S. states—the most of any single bird—including Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming. This broad recognition underscores its association with the American West and the vanishing prairie ecosystem.

In Native American traditions, particularly among Plains tribes, the meadowlark is often seen as a messenger of good news and a harbinger of spring. Some Lakota stories portray the bird as having been gifted its yellow breast by the sun, symbolizing warmth and renewal. These cultural narratives enrich the modern understanding of why so many states have chosen this bird as a symbol of regional identity.

Moreover, the choice of the western meadowlark reflects a shift away from selecting exotic or rare species toward embracing common, ecologically significant birds that ordinary citizens can observe in their daily lives. This democratization of symbolism makes the bird accessible and meaningful to schoolchildren, farmers, and urban dwellers alike.

Where and When to See the Kansas State Bird

For birdwatchers and nature lovers asking 'where can I see the Kansas state bird,' the answer lies primarily in open country. Best viewing opportunities occur in early morning hours during spring and summer when males are most active in singing and displaying.

Recommended locations within Kansas include:

• Cheesequake Wildlife Area (near Salina): Restored tallgrass prairie with high meadowlark density
• Quivira National Wildlife Refuge: Wetland-grassland mosaic supporting diverse birdlife
• Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: One of the last remaining tracts of original tallgrass prairie
• Rural roadsides and farm edges: Especially in central and western Kansas counties

While the western meadowlark does not migrate long distances, populations in northern parts of its range may move southward in winter. However, many remain in Kansas year-round if food and cover are available. Observers should listen for the bird’s song rather than rely solely on sight, as the bird often remains concealed until flushed.

Conservation Status and Environmental Challenges

Although still relatively common, the western meadowlark has experienced population declines across much of its range, including in Kansas. According to data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, numbers have decreased by approximately 1.5% per year since 1966, resulting in a cumulative decline of over 70%.

Primary threats include:

• Habitat loss: Conversion of native prairie to cropland or urban development
• Intensive agriculture: Use of pesticides reduces insect prey; mowing during nesting season destroys eggs and young
• Climate change: Alters precipitation patterns and grassland composition
• Invasive species: Non-native grasses provide less suitable nesting cover

The Nature Conservancy and local conservation groups are working to protect and restore prairie habitats through land acquisition, prescribed burns, and partnerships with ranchers practicing sustainable grazing. Individuals can support these efforts by visiting protected areas, participating in citizen science projects like eBird, and advocating for pollinator- and bird-friendly farming practices.

Feature	Western Meadowlark	Eastern Meadowlark
Range in Kansas	Statewide, dominant in west	Less common, mostly east
Vocalization	Clear, musical warble	Simpler, harsher whistle
Plumage Differences	Nearly identical; best distinguished by sound	Same appearance, different genetics
Molecular DNA	Sturnella neglecta	Sturnella magna

Common Misconceptions About the Kansas State Bird

Several myths persist about the western meadowlark, even among seasoned birders:

1. Myth: The eastern and western meadowlarks are the same species.
   Fact: They are separate species indistinguishable by sight alone; only vocalizations and genetic testing confirm identity.
2. Myth: The western meadowlark is a type of lark.
   Fact: Despite the name, it belongs to the icterid family (blackbirds and orioles), not the true lark family (Alaudidae).
3. Myth: It sings all day long.
   Fact: Singing peaks at dawn and dusk; activity drops significantly during midday heat.
4. Myth: It's protected under federal law like eagles or hawks.
   Fact: While protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, it does not receive special legal status beyond other native songbirds.

How to Support the Western Meadowlark in Your Community

If you're inspired by learning what is Kansas state bird and want to contribute to its survival, consider these practical steps:

• Plant native grasses and forbs: Create habitat corridors in yards or community spaces.
• Avoid early-season mowing: Delay cutting hayfields until after July 1 to protect nests.
• Support sustainable agriculture: Buy from farms using integrated pest management and reduced tillage.
• Participate in bird counts: Join the Christmas Bird Count or Breeding Bird Survey.
• Educate others: Share facts about the western meadowlark in schools or local media.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When did Kansas adopt the western meadowlark as its state bird?

Kansas officially adopted the western meadowlark as its state bird in 1937.

Can you keep a western meadowlark as a pet?

No. It is illegal to capture, possess, or harm western meadowlarks under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

Do western meadowlarks migrate?

Some northern populations migrate short distances, but many in Kansas remain year-round.

Why do people confuse it with the eastern meadowlark?

They look almost identical, but their songs differ dramatically and they occupy slightly different ranges.

Is the western meadowlark endangered in Kansas?

No, it is not currently listed as endangered, but it is considered a species of conservation concern due to habitat loss.

In conclusion, the question 'what is Kansas state bird' leads to a rich exploration of biology, history, culture, and conservation. The western meadowlark is more than just a designation—it is a living emblem of the Great Plains, a voice of the prairie, and a reminder of the delicate balance between human activity and natural ecosystems. Whether you’re a resident of Kansas, a visiting birder, or simply curious about state symbols, taking time to learn about and listen for the western meadowlark offers a meaningful connection to the heart of America’s ecological heritage.