The National Bird of the United States Is the Bald Eagle

The national bird of the United States is the bald eagle, a powerful symbol of freedom and strength that has represented the nation since 1782. When people search for what is the national bird of us, they often seek not only the straightforward answer but also the deeper historical and cultural significance behind this majestic raptor. The bald eagle (*Haliaeetus leucocephalus*) was chosen as the national emblem due to its commanding presence, longevity, and unique association with North America. Found predominantly near large bodies of water across the contiguous U.S. and Alaska, the bald eagle is not actually bald; its name comes from the Old English word "balde," meaning white, referring to its striking white head and tail feathers that mature at around five years of age.

Historical Origins: Why the Bald Eagle Was Chosen

The selection of the bald eagle as the national bird dates back to June 20, 1782, when the Second Continental Congress adopted the Great Seal of the United States. A committee including John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin initially debated various designs before settling on one featuring the bald eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and thirteen arrows in the other—symbolizing both peace and readiness for war. Although Benjamin Franklin famously expressed preference for the wild turkey in a private letter, calling the eagle a bird of “bad moral character,” the bald eagle prevailed due to its noble appearance and exclusive native status to North America.

This decision reflected Enlightenment ideals of republicanism and independence. Unlike European nations that used lions or dragons, American leaders wanted a symbol rooted in the continent’s natural heritage. The bald eagle, already revered by many Indigenous cultures, fit perfectly. For example, among the Lakota and Ojibwe peoples, the eagle represents spiritual connection, courage, and divine messages. Incorporating such symbolism helped unify the fledgling nation under a shared iconography.

Biological Profile: Understanding the Bald Eagle

From a biological standpoint, the bald eagle is a bird of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae. It is closely related to the golden eagle (*Aquila chrysaetos*), though it occupies different ecological niches. Adult bald eagles typically have a wingspan ranging from 6 to 7.5 feet (1.8 to 2.3 meters) and weigh between 6.5 and 14 pounds (3–6.4 kg), with females generally larger than males—a common trait in raptors.

These birds are primarily piscivorous, meaning their diet consists mainly of fish, which they catch with astonishing precision using their sharp talons. However, they are opportunistic feeders and will also consume waterfowl, small mammals, carrion, and even steal food from other birds through kleptoparasitism. Their keen eyesight—estimated to be four to eight times sharper than human vision—allows them to spot prey from over a mile away.

Bald eagles build some of the largest nests in the avian world, called eyries, usually high in tall trees or on cliffs. These nests can reach up to 13 feet deep and weigh over a ton after years of reuse and expansion. Breeding pairs are monogamous and often return to the same nest site annually, adding new materials each season.

Conservation Success Story: From Endangered to Recovered

In the 20th century, the bald eagle faced near extinction due to habitat destruction, hunting, and the widespread use of the pesticide DDT, which caused eggshell thinning and reproductive failure. By 1963, only 417 nesting pairs remained in the lower 48 states. In response, the U.S. government enacted critical protections: the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940 (later expanded to include golden eagles), the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, and the eventual ban on DDT in 1972.

Thanks to decades of conservation efforts—including captive breeding programs, habitat restoration, and public education—the population rebounded dramatically. In 2007, the bald eagle was officially removed from the endangered species list, marking one of the most successful wildlife recovery stories in American history. Today, there are more than 300,000 individual bald eagles in the U.S., including over 10,000 breeding pairs in the lower 48 states alone.

This resurgence underscores the importance of sustained environmental policy and citizen engagement. Organizations like the National Audubon Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and local wildlife rehabilitators continue monitoring populations and advocating for clean waterways and protected habitats.

Symbolism and Cultural Significance Across America

The bald eagle appears on numerous national emblems, including the presidential seal, military insignia, currency, and federal agency logos. Its image conveys authority, resilience, and sovereignty. Yet, its symbolic meaning varies across communities. While celebrated as a patriotic icon by many, Native American tribes maintain complex relationships with the bird. For centuries, eagle feathers have held sacred value in ceremonies, prayers, and regalia. Federal law now regulates the possession of eagle feathers through the National Eagle Repository, allowing enrolled members of federally recognized tribes to obtain them for religious purposes.

This dual identity—as both a national mascot and a spiritually significant creature—highlights the need for respectful coexistence and cultural sensitivity. Public events like National Eagle Day (first Saturday in June) aim to educate citizens about the bird’s ecological role and cultural importance.

Where and When to See Bald Eagles in the Wild

For birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, spotting a bald eagle in the wild is a thrilling experience. The best time to observe them is during winter months (December to February), when northern populations migrate south in search of open water and food. Prime viewing locations include:

• Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, Alaska: Home to the largest congregation of bald eagles in the world, especially during salmon runs in fall and early winter.
• Conowingo Dam, Maryland: On the Susquehanna River, where eagles gather to catch fish stirred up by the dam’s turbines.
• Quincy, Illinois: Along the Mississippi River, offering excellent riverfront viewing platforms during migration.
• Big Cypress National Preserve, Florida: One of the southernmost strongholds for year-round resident eagles.

Early morning hours offer optimal visibility, as eagles are most active at dawn. Bring binoculars or a spotting scope, dress warmly in layers, and consult local wildlife refuges or Audubon chapters for real-time sighting reports. Many national wildlife refuges host annual eagle festivals featuring guided tours, educational talks, and photography workshops.

Common Misconceptions About the National Bird

Despite its fame, several myths persist about the bald eagle. One common misunderstanding is that it is rare throughout the U.S. In reality, thanks to conservation success, bald eagles now nest in every state except Hawaii. Another myth is that all eagles seen in the U.S. are bald eagles—however, golden eagles are also widespread, particularly in western mountainous regions, and can be distinguished by their darker plumage and lack of white head.

Additionally, some believe the bald eagle is known for its speed in level flight. While impressive, peregrine falcons hold the record for fastest animal dive (over 200 mph). Bald eagles soar efficiently using thermal currents, reaching speeds of 20–30 mph in normal flight and up to 100 mph in dives.

Feature	Bald Eagle	Golden Eagle
Head Color (Adult)	White	Dark with golden nape
Habitat Preference	Near water (lakes, rivers, coasts)	Open country, mountains, deserts
Diet Focus	Fish, carrion, waterbirds	Mammals (rabbits, ground squirrels)
Nesting Height	Tall trees, cliffs, sometimes man-made structures	Cliffs, remote areas
Wingspan Range	6–7.5 ft (1.8–2.3 m)	6–7.25 ft (1.8–2.2 m)

How You Can Support Bald Eagle Conservation

Even if you don’t live near eagle habitats, there are meaningful ways to contribute to their continued survival:

• Support clean water initiatives: Since bald eagles rely on healthy aquatic ecosystems, reducing pollution and supporting wetland protection helps ensure abundant food sources.
• Report injured or distressed birds: Contact your local wildlife rehabilitation center or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service if you see a sick or injured eagle.
• Avoid lead ammunition and fishing tackle: Lead poisoning from ingesting bullet fragments or sinkers is a leading cause of eagle mortality.
• Participate in citizen science: Programs like eBird allow amateur birders to log sightings, contributing valuable data to researchers tracking population trends.
• Educate others: Share accurate information about the bald eagle’s history, biology, and ongoing conservation needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the bald eagle the only national bird considered for the U.S.?

No—while the bald eagle was officially selected, Benjamin Franklin advocated for the wild turkey in a personal letter, praising its bravery and native roots. However, no formal alternative was ever adopted.

Can I keep a bald eagle as a pet?

No. It is illegal under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act to possess, harm, or disturb bald eagles, their nests, or feathers without a federal permit.

Do bald eagles live outside the United States?

Yes, bald eagles are native to North America and can be found in Canada, parts of northern Mexico, and occasionally as far south as the Yucatán Peninsula.

Why do people ask 'what is the national bird of us' so frequently?

This query reflects enduring public interest in American symbols, often driven by school projects, trivia, patriotism, or curiosity sparked during events like Independence Day or wildlife documentaries.

Are there any states with different official birds?

Yes—each state has its own official bird, such as the northern cardinal (several states) or the mockingbird (Texas, Tennessee). But the bald eagle remains the sole national bird of the United States.