What Is the Texas State Bird?

The Texas state bird is the Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), a species renowned for its intelligence, adaptability, and rich vocal repertoire. Officially designated as the state symbol in 1927, the Northern Mockingbird stands out not only for its widespread presence across Texas but also for its cultural significance and distinctive behaviors that reflect the spirit of the Lone Star State. If you're wondering what is the Texas state bird, the answer lies in both natural history and regional pride—this bird embodies perseverance, resourcefulness, and a bold personality admired by Texans.

History and Official Designation

The journey to becoming the official state bird began in the early 20th century when schoolchildren and civic groups across Texas started advocating for native species to represent the state’s unique identity. In 1927, after extensive public discussion and endorsement from organizations such as the Texas Federation of Women's Clubs and the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, the Texas Legislature formally adopted the Northern Mockingbird as the state bird through House Concurrent Resolution No. 12.

This decision was rooted in more than just popularity; it reflected a growing movement toward environmental awareness and state pride during the 1920s. At a time when many U.S. states were selecting official symbols—from flowers to birds—Texas chose a creature known for its feisty nature and musical talent, distinguishing itself from other regions that favored more passive or visually striking species.

Why the Northern Mockingbird?

Several factors contributed to the selection of the Northern Mockingbird over other contenders like the Northern Cardinal or the American Robin. First and foremost was its year-round residency throughout Texas. Unlike migratory birds that appear seasonally, the mockingbird is a constant presence, seen in urban backyards, rural farmlands, and desert scrublands alike.

Another compelling reason was its remarkable singing ability. The Northern Mockingbird can imitate the calls of dozens of other birds, mechanical sounds, and even human-made noises. This mimicry isn't random—it serves territorial defense, courtship rituals, and communication. Males may sing for hours at night, especially under moonlight or artificial lighting, which has led to some humorous complaints from light-sensitive neighbors!

Beyond its voice, the bird's protective instincts resonated with Texan values. Mockingbirds are fiercely defensive of their nests and young, often diving at much larger animals—including cats, dogs, and humans—who venture too close. This fearless behavior earned them admiration as symbols of courage and vigilance.

Biological Profile: What Makes the Northern Mockingbird Unique?

To understand why this bird holds such esteem, it helps to examine its biological traits:

• Scientific Name: Mimus polyglottos, meaning "many-tongued mimic"
• Size: Approximately 8–10 inches long with a wingspan of 12–15 inches
• Weight: Around 1.6–2 ounces (45–58 grams)
• Lifespan: Typically 8 years in the wild, though some individuals live beyond 10 years
• Diet: Omnivorous—feeds on insects, berries, seeds, and occasionally small lizards
• Habitat: Prefers open areas with scattered trees and shrubs; thrives in suburban environments
• Nesting: Builds cup-shaped nests in dense bushes or low tree branches; both parents care for eggs and chicks

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Northern Mockingbird is its complex song structure. A single male can have a repertoire of over 200 different phrases, repeating each several times before switching. These songs are learned from surrounding birds and environmental sounds, making each population’s vocalizations slightly unique.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance

The Northern Mockingbird carries deep symbolic weight beyond its status as a state emblem. It appears frequently in American literature and music, often representing innocence, observation, and moral clarity. Perhaps the most famous literary reference comes from Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, where Atticus Finch tells his children: “It’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,” emphasizing that these birds harm no one and only bring beauty through song.

In Texas, the mockingbird symbolizes resilience and independence—qualities closely tied to the state’s self-image. Its ability to thrive in diverse landscapes mirrors the adaptability of Texans themselves. Moreover, its persistent song, even in adversity, reflects an enduring optimism.

Folk traditions in rural Texas once held that hearing a mockingbird sing at dawn brought good luck, while others believed that harming one invited misfortune. Though such beliefs are less common today, they underscore the emotional connection people feel toward this bird.

Where and When to See the Texas State Bird

If you’re interested in observing the Northern Mockingbird in its natural habitat, timing and location matter. While present year-round, your chances improve significantly during spring and summer when males are actively singing to attract mates and defend territories.

Best viewing locations include:

• Urban parks and residential neighborhoods (especially those with fruit-bearing trees)
• Open grasslands with hedges or mesquite thickets
• State parks such as McKinney Falls State Park near Austin or Tyler State Park in East Texas
• Golf courses and cemeteries, where open lawns and shrubbery provide ideal foraging and nesting grounds

Early morning hours—between sunrise and 9 a.m.—are optimal for birdwatching, as mockingbirds are most active then. Listen for repeated sequences of clear whistles, chatters, and mimicked calls. Look for their characteristic tail-bobbing motion and quick flight patterns close to the ground.

Season	Behavioral Traits	Best Viewing Tips
Spring (March–May)	Singing intensifies; nest building begins	Listen at dawn; scan low bushes for nesting pairs
Summer (June–August)	Chicks hatch; parents forage constantly	Watch for feeding flights; avoid disturbing nests
Fall (September–November)	Feeding on berries; less vocal	Visit berry-rich areas like cedar breaks
Winter (December–February)	Form loose flocks; occasional singing	Look in sheltered woodlands; listen for alarm calls

Conservation Status and Threats

The Northern Mockingbird is currently listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Populations remain stable across much of North America, including Texas. However, localized declines have been noted in heavily urbanized areas due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and predation by domestic cats.

One major threat is the destruction of hedgerows and native shrubs, which are critical for nesting. Urban landscaping trends favoring manicured lawns without cover make it harder for mockingbirds to raise young safely. Additionally, outdoor cats pose a significant risk—studies show that free-roaming felines kill hundreds of millions of birds annually in the U.S., including mockingbirds.

To support conservation efforts:

• Plant native berry-producing shrubs like yaupon holly, sumac, and agarita
• Avoid using chemical pesticides that reduce insect populations (a key food source)
• Keep pet cats indoors, especially during nesting season (March–July)
• Participate in citizen science projects like eBird or Project FeederWatch

Common Misconceptions About the Texas State Bird

Despite its fame, several myths surround the Northern Mockingbird:

1. Myth: It’s illegal to kill a mockingbird in Texas.
   Fact: While protected under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918—which makes it unlawful to harm, capture, or possess the bird or its eggs without a permit—there is no specific Texas law stating it's a crime solely because it’s the state bird.
2. Myth: Only male mockingbirds sing.
   Fact: Females also sing, particularly during nest defense or when communicating with mates, though males are more vocally active overall.
3. Myth: They mimic sounds to entertain humans.
   Fact: Mimicry evolved primarily for mating success and territory defense, not for human enjoyment.

Tips for Attracting Mockingbirds to Your Yard

If you'd like to welcome the Texas state bird into your own space, consider these practical steps:

• Provide food sources: Offer mealworms, suet, and fruits like mulberries or grapes. Avoid seed-only feeders, as mockingbirds prefer live prey and soft fruits.
• Create shelter: Plant dense, thorny shrubs such as hawthorn or pyracantha for nesting and protection.
• Install water features: A shallow birdbath with running water attracts mockingbirds for drinking and bathing.
• Limit disturbances: Minimize pruning during nesting season and keep pets away from nesting zones.

Remember, patience is key. Mockingbirds may take time to establish trust in a new environment, but once they do, they often become regular, visible residents.

Frequently Asked Questions

When did the Northern Mockingbird become the Texas state bird?

It was officially adopted on January 31, 1927, by legislative resolution.

Can Northern Mockingbirds be found outside Texas?

Yes, they are widespread across the southern and eastern United States, parts of the Midwest, and northern Mexico.

Do mockingbirds migrate?

Most Texas populations are non-migratory, but northern populations may move southward in winter.

Why do mockingbirds sing at night?

Unmated males often sing at night, especially under bright lights. Light pollution can exacerbate this behavior.

Is it legal to keep a mockingbird as a pet?

No. Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, it is illegal to capture, possess, or sell native songbirds like the Northern Mockingbird.

In conclusion, understanding what is the Texas state bird goes beyond memorizing a name—it opens a window into ecology, culture, and identity. The Northern Mockingbird is more than a symbol; it’s a living representative of Texas’s wild character, resilience, and expressive spirit. Whether you’re a seasoned birder or simply curious about state emblems, appreciating this remarkable bird enriches your connection to the natural world around you.