What Are a Group of Birds Called: A Complete Guide

A group of birds is most commonly called a flock, but depending on the species and behavior, it can also be referred to using more specific and evocative collective nouns such as a murmuration of starlings, a colony of gulls, or a parliament of owls. These unique terms not only reflect the way different birds gather and interact but also reveal deep-rooted cultural traditions and linguistic creativity. Understanding what a group of birds is called goes beyond simple classification—it connects biology, behavior, and symbolism in ways that enrich both birdwatching and our appreciation of language. Whether you're an avid birder, a student of nature, or simply curious about animal terminology, exploring the names for groups of birds offers fascinating insights into avian life and human imagination.

The Science Behind Bird Groupings: Why Do Birds Flock?

Birds form groups for survival, communication, and reproduction. The term flock is the general word used across species when birds gather in coordinated or loose assemblies. Biologically, flocking provides several advantages: enhanced protection from predators, improved foraging efficiency, and better navigation during migration. For example, geese fly in a V-formation as a flock to reduce wind resistance and conserve energy over long distances. This cooperative behavior is rooted in evolutionary adaptation, making group dynamics essential to many bird species’ success.

Not all flocks function the same way. Some, like those of pigeons or sparrows in urban environments, are loose aggregations where individuals act independently within proximity. Others, such as flocks of shorebirds or migrating raptors, exhibit synchronized movement guided by social cues and environmental signals. Scientists study these patterns using tools like GPS tracking and computer modeling to understand how information spreads through a flock—often likened to a 'wave' of motion rippling through the group without centralized control.

Species-Specific Collective Nouns: More Than Just Poetry

While “flock” serves as the default term, English has a rich tradition of poetic and precise collective nouns for birds. Many of these originated in medieval hunting and falconry texts, particularly in works like *The Book of Saint Albans* (1486), which listed ornate terms for animals seen in the wild. Though some were whimsical, others accurately described observed behaviors.

Below is a table of common species-specific collective nouns and their origins:

Bird Species	Collective Noun	Behavioral or Cultural Basis
Starlings	Murmuration	Refers to the sound and swirling motion of thousands flying in unison
Crows	Murder	Rooted in folklore associating crows with death and omens
Owls	Parliament	Reflects wisdom and solemnity in literature, notably in *The Chronicles of Narnia*
Gulls	Colony	Used because gulls often nest and feed in large breeding colonies
Jays	Party or Scold	'Scold' refers to their loud, aggressive calls; 'party' reflects their social nature
Geese (on ground)	Gaggle	Onomatopoeic, mimicking their honking sounds
Finches	Charm	Poetic term highlighting their delicate beauty and song
Hawks	Kettle	Describes circular soaring patterns resembling boiling water

These terms are not just literary flourishes—they often capture real behavioral traits. For instance, a “murmuration” of starlings describes one of nature’s most mesmerizing spectacles: tens of thousands of birds moving in fluid, shape-shifting clouds at dusk. This behavior confuses predators and helps maintain warmth in roosts. Similarly, a “kettle” of hawks forms when thermals lift multiple birds upward in spirals during migration, conserving energy before continuing flight.

Cultural and Symbolic Meanings of Bird Group Names

The symbolic weight behind collective bird names reveals much about human perception of nature. Terms like “murder of crows” stem from superstitions linking corvids to death and prophecy. In Celtic mythology, crows were thought to carry souls between worlds. Shakespeare referenced ravens and omens in plays like *Macbeth*, reinforcing their eerie reputation. Today, this phrase persists more as a curiosity than a belief, yet it underscores how language shapes our relationship with wildlife.

In contrast, a “parliament of owls” conveys dignity and intelligence. This term gained popularity through C.S. Lewis’s depiction of wise owls in *Narnia*, though its roots trace back to medieval bestiaries that portrayed owls as nocturnal sages. Such names encourage us to view birds not merely as animals but as figures embedded in stories, dreams, and moral lessons.

Indigenous cultures around the world also have distinct ways of referring to bird groups, often tied to ecological knowledge. For example, some Native American traditions speak of eagle gatherings as spiritual councils, reflecting reverence rather than mere observation. These perspectives remind us that naming practices vary widely and carry deeper meanings beyond Western classifications.

How to Observe Bird Groups in the Wild: Tips for Birdwatchers

Whether you’re new to birding or an experienced observer, witnessing bird groups in action can be thrilling. Here are practical tips for identifying and appreciating them:

• Visit the right habitats at optimal times: Dawn and dusk are peak activity periods. Wetlands attract flocks of waterfowl; open fields may host murmurations of starlings in winter; coastal cliffs support colonies of seabirds.
• Use binoculars or spotting scopes: High-magnification optics help distinguish species within large groups, especially when observing distant kettles of raptors or mixed-species flocks.
• Listen for vocalizations: A “scold” of jays will announce its presence with harsh calls. Gaggles of geese honk loudly while in flight or on the ground. Sound often precedes sight.
• Learn seasonal patterns: Many group behaviors are time-sensitive. Starling murmurations occur primarily from late autumn to early spring. Spring brings colonial nesting birds to coastlines; fall sees massive flocks preparing for migration.
• Join local birding groups or eBird: Platforms like eBird.org allow users to report sightings and track where specific bird aggregations have been recently observed.

When documenting what a group of birds is called in your notes, consider including context: species, number, location, time of day, and behavior. Instead of writing “bird flock,” specify “a kettle of approximately 50 broad-winged hawks soaring over Hawk Mountain, PA, at 2:30 PM.” This level of detail enhances both personal records and citizen science contributions.

Regional and Linguistic Variations in Collective Nouns

While English boasts an unusually rich array of collective nouns, other languages use simpler constructions. In Spanish, a group of birds is generally “una bandada de aves,” though specific cases might use “parvada” (for small birds) or “enjambre” (rarely, for swarming behavior). French uses “volée” or “troupeau,” depending on context. Unlike English, few Romance languages preserve the elaborate medieval taxonomy of group names.

In parts of rural Britain and North America, older terms like “gaggle” or “murder” remain in informal use among farmers and naturalists. However, modern ornithology tends to favor scientific precision over poetic flair, using “flock,” “colony,” or “assembly” based on measurable criteria such as breeding density or feeding coordination.

It's important to note that while creative terms are fun and culturally significant, they aren’t standardized. There’s no official authority governing what a group of birds should be called. As a result, usage varies by region, publication, and personal preference. Always clarify meaning when communicating with others—especially in educational or conservation settings.

Common Misconceptions About Bird Group Terminology

One widespread misunderstanding is that each bird species has only one correct collective noun. In reality, multiple terms may apply depending on context. For example, geese in flight are typically called a “skein,” while those on the ground are a “gaggle.” If they're nesting together, they might be part of a “colony.”

Another myth is that all unusual bird group names are ancient or universally accepted. Many so-called “traditional” terms were likely invented or popularized in the 19th and 20th centuries by writers and humorists. Some entries in historical lists appear satirical—for instance, a “pitying of turtle doves” or a “prayer of godwits”—and lack evidence of actual usage.

Finally, people sometimes assume that collective nouns imply complex social structures. While some birds, like crows or parrots, do exhibit advanced cognition and long-term bonds, many flocking species operate on instinct rather than social hierarchy. A murmuration of starlings follows simple rules—steer toward neighbors, avoid collisions, match speed—without conscious planning.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions About Bird Group Names

What is a group of birds called in general?

A group of birds is generally called a flock, regardless of species. This is the standard biological and colloquial term used worldwide.

Why are some bird groups given unusual names like 'murder' or 'parliament'?

These names originated in medieval European traditions, especially among hunters and nobility, who assigned imaginative titles to animal groups. They often reflected perceived characteristics—such as mystery (owls) or ominous presence (crows)—rather than scientific accuracy.

Do scientists use terms like 'murmuration' or 'charm' in research?

Rarely. Ornithologists typically use neutral, descriptive terms like “flock,” “colony,” or “aggregation.” Poetic names are reserved for public outreach or educational materials due to their engaging quality.

Can the same species have different group names?

Yes. For example, geese are a “gaggle” on land, a “skein” in flight, and part of a “colony” when nesting. Context determines the appropriate term.

Where can I see dramatic bird group behaviors like murmurations?

Murmurations of starlings are commonly seen in the UK (e.g., Somerset Marshes), Ireland, and parts of the U.S. (like Texas and Louisiana) during winter months. Check local wildlife reserves or birdwatching forums for real-time updates.

In conclusion, understanding what a group of birds is called involves blending biology, history, language, and culture. From the aerodynamic marvel of a murmuration to the folkloric intrigue of a murder of crows, these terms invite us to look deeper at the skies above. Whether you're exploring etymology or planning a birding trip, knowing the names—and the reasons behind them—enhances every encounter with the feathered world.