What Is the Oklahoma State Bird? Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Facts

The Oklahoma state bird is the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), a graceful and distinctive bird known for its long, crossed tail feathers that resemble open scissors—giving rise to both its common name and its symbolic significance across the state. Often seen perched on fences or utility lines in open grasslands and prairies, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher was officially designated as Oklahoma's state bird in 1951, replacing the Eastern Meadowlark which had held the title since 1927. This decision reflected not only the bird’s striking appearance but also its strong association with Oklahoma’s natural landscape and cultural identity. As a native species commonly found throughout the central and southern Great Plains, the selection of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher highlights the importance of regional biodiversity and ecological pride. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the history behind Oklahoma’s choice of state bird, its biological characteristics, seasonal behavior, habitat preferences, and how birdwatchers can best observe it in the wild.

Historical Background: How the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Became Oklahoma’s State Symbol

Oklahoma’s journey to selecting an official state bird began in the early 20th century, shortly after statehood in 1907. Initially, like many states, Oklahoma adopted a popular songbird without extensive public debate. The Eastern Meadowlark was named the official state bird in 1927 due to its melodic call and widespread presence across rural areas. However, by mid-century, conservationists, educators, and citizens began advocating for a more unique and visually representative symbol.

In 1951, following a campaign led by schoolchildren and supported by the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher was chosen through a formal legislative process. House Bill 843 passed unanimously, recognizing the bird’s elegance, local abundance, and distinctiveness. Unlike the meadowlark, which is shared as a state symbol by several other Midwestern states, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher has become uniquely tied to Oklahoma’s identity. Its image now appears on welcome signs, license plates, tourism materials, and even corporate logos within the state.

Biological Profile: Understanding the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher belongs to the family Tyrannidae, commonly known as tyrant flycatchers. It is one of the most visually striking members of this group, especially during flight when its elongated tail feathers—up to 10 inches longer than its body—create a dramatic silhouette. Adult birds measure about 10 inches in length (excluding tail), with males typically having longer tails than females.

Plumage-wise, they feature pale gray heads, light pinkish-salmon underparts, dark wings with white edges, and deeply forked black-and-white tails. Their eyes are dark, and their bills are small and slightly hooked—ideal for catching insects mid-air. These birds are primarily insectivores, feeding on grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and flying ants, often snatching prey during agile aerial maneuvers.

One of the most fascinating aspects of their biology is their breeding behavior. Males perform elaborate courtship flights, soaring high into the air and diving while spreading their tail feathers wide, creating a visual display meant to attract mates. Once paired, both parents participate in nest-building, usually placing the nest in isolated trees or shrubs at heights between 6 and 30 feet.

Habitat and Range: Where to Find the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Oklahoma

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher thrives in open habitats such as pastures, rangelands, savannas, and along roadsides with scattered trees—ecosystems abundant in central and southern Oklahoma. They avoid dense forests and urban centers, preferring edge environments where visibility is high and flying insects are plentiful.

While considered a summer resident in Oklahoma, these birds migrate seasonally. They arrive in late March to April and remain through September before heading south to southern Mexico and Central America for winter. During migration periods, large flocks may gather in certain regions, particularly in western Oklahoma near agricultural fields.

Some of the best places for observing Scissor-tailed Flycatchers include:

• Tucker Wildlife Management Area (Comanche County)
• Great Salt Plains State Park (Alfalfa County)
• Chickasaw National Recreation Area (Johnston County)
• Black Kettle National Grassland (Roger Mills County)
• Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge (Comanche County)

Early morning hours during spring and summer offer optimal viewing conditions, especially near dawn when males are most active in defending territories and singing from elevated perches.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance in Oklahoma

Beyond its biological attributes, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher holds deep cultural resonance in Oklahoma. It symbolizes grace, resilience, and freedom—qualities often associated with the spirit of the American Southwest. Native American tribes in the region, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw, have oral traditions referencing birds with long tails as messengers or omens, though specific myths directly naming the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher are limited.

In modern times, the bird has been embraced as a unifying emblem. The University of Central Oklahoma uses a stylized version of the flycatcher as its mascot, and numerous festivals celebrate the species annually. For example, the city of Davis hosts a Scissortail Festival each June featuring art exhibits, educational programs, and live bird demonstrations.

Additionally, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism promotes the bird as part of its “Travel OK” initiative, encouraging eco-tourism and birding trails. License plates bearing the image of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher contribute funds to wildlife conservation efforts, further reinforcing its role beyond mere symbolism.

Conservation Status and Environmental Challenges

Currently, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is listed as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, localized declines have been observed due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate variability affecting insect populations.

Conversion of native prairie to monoculture agriculture reduces suitable nesting sites and food availability. Additionally, extreme weather events—such as droughts and late-season storms—can impact fledgling survival rates. Conservation organizations like Audubon Oklahoma and the Nature Conservancy are working to preserve critical grassland habitats through land acquisition and sustainable farming partnerships.

Birders and landowners can support conservation by maintaining hedgerows, avoiding chemical pesticides, and participating in citizen science projects such as eBird and the North American Breeding Bird Survey.

How to Observe and Photograph the Oklahoma State Bird

For amateur and professional birdwatchers alike, spotting a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in full display flight is a memorable experience. Here are practical tips for successful observation:

• Timing: Visit between May and August when birds are actively breeding and most visible.
• Location: Focus on open country with scattered trees, fence lines, or power poles—prime perching spots.
• Behavior: Listen for sharp kip-kip-kip calls; watch for sudden aerial sallies after insects.
• Photography Tips: Use a telephoto lens (at least 300mm); approach slowly and avoid sudden movements. Early morning light enhances plumage colors.
• Ethics: Never disturb nests or playback recordings excessively, as this can stress birds.

Joining local birding groups or guided tours increases chances of sightings and provides opportunities to learn from experienced observers.

Common Misconceptions About the Oklahoma State Bird

Despite its prominence, several misconceptions persist about the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher:

• Misconception 1: “It’s related to swallows.” While similar in flight style, it is not closely related to swallows; it belongs to the tyrant flycatcher family, not Hirundinidae.
• Misconception 2: “It stays in Oklahoma year-round.” In reality, it is a neotropical migrant, spending winters far south of the U.S.
• Misconception 3: “Only males have long tails.” Females also have elongated tails, though shorter and less dramatic than males’.
• Misconception 4: “It eats seeds.” No—this bird is strictly insectivorous and does not visit seed feeders.

Comparison with Other State Birds

Unlike many states that chose common songbirds (e.g., Northern Cardinal, American Robin), Oklahoma’s selection stands out for its uniqueness. A comparison reveals:

State	State Bird	Year Adopted	Shared With Other States?
Oklahoma	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	1951	No
Texas	Northern Mockingbird	1927	Yes (5 states)
Kansas	Western Meadowlark	1937	Yes (6 states)
California	California Quail	1931	No
New York	Eastern Bluebird	1970	Yes (3 states)

This table illustrates how Oklahoma’s choice emphasizes regional distinctiveness rather than broad popularity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When did Oklahoma adopt the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher as its state bird?

Oklahoma officially adopted the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher as its state bird in 1951, replacing the Eastern Meadowlark.

Why is the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher important to Oklahoma?

It symbolizes the state’s natural heritage, appears on official insignia and license plates, and is celebrated in cultural events, making it a source of regional pride.

Can you see Scissor-tailed Flycatchers outside of Oklahoma?

Yes, they breed across parts of Texas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, but Oklahoma remains central to their range and cultural recognition.

Do Scissor-tailed Flycatchers migrate?

Yes, they are migratory birds that spend summers in Oklahoma and winters in southern Mexico and Central America.

How can I help protect the Oklahoma state bird?

You can support grassland conservation, reduce pesticide use, participate in bird counts, and promote awareness through education and responsible birdwatching practices.