The State Bird of Idaho is the Mountain Bluebird

The state bird for Idaho is the mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides), a strikingly beautiful songbird known for its brilliant sky-blue plumage and uplifting presence across the state’s open landscapes. Officially adopted in 1931, the mountain bluebird symbolizes joy, renewal, and the rugged natural beauty of Idaho. This designation reflects both the cultural significance and ecological relevance of the species, making it a fitting emblem for the Gem State. As one of the most frequently searched avian symbols—under queries like 'what is the state bird for Idaho' or 'Idaho's official bird'—the mountain bluebird continues to capture public interest among birders, educators, and nature enthusiasts alike.

Historical Background: How the Mountain Bluebird Became Idaho’s Symbol

The journey to selecting the mountain bluebird as Idaho’s state bird began in the early 20th century, during a nationwide movement in which states sought official emblems to represent their unique identities. In 1927, the Idaho Legislature authorized a vote among schoolchildren to choose the state bird—a democratic and educational approach that engaged young citizens in civic symbolism. The mountain bluebird emerged as the clear favorite over other regional birds such as the western meadowlark and the American robin.

Although initially recommended through this youth-led process, formal legislative adoption did not occur immediately. It wasn’t until March 5, 1931, that the Idaho State Legislature officially designated the mountain bluebird as the state bird via Senate Bill 151. This decision aligned Idaho with neighboring states like Nevada and Utah, which also recognize the mountain bluebird as their official bird, underscoring its regional importance and widespread appeal.

Biological Profile: Understanding the Mountain Bluebird

Beyond its symbolic role, the mountain bluebird holds significant biological interest. A member of the thrush family (Turdidae), Sialia currucoides is closely related to the eastern and western bluebirds but differs in habitat preference and migratory behavior. Adult males are easily identified by their vivid cerulean-blue feathers on the head, back, wings, and tail, while females exhibit more subdued grayish-blue tones with pale orange on the breast.

These birds typically measure 6.5 to 7 inches in length, with a wingspan of about 11 to 14 inches, and weigh between 27 to 30 grams. Their diet consists mainly of insects during the breeding season—including beetles, grasshoppers, and flies—and shifts to berries and small fruits in winter months when insect availability declines.

Mountain bluebirds are cavity nesters, often using abandoned woodpecker holes or artificial nest boxes placed in open country. They favor high-elevation meadows, alpine tundra, and sagebrush steppe environments—habitats abundant throughout central and southern Idaho. Unlike many bird species that struggle with human development, mountain bluebirds have benefited from conservation-minded landowners installing nesting boxes, especially in areas where natural cavities are scarce.

Why the Mountain Bluebird Represents Idaho

The selection of the mountain bluebird goes beyond aesthetics; it embodies values cherished by Idahoans. Its bright blue coloring evokes the clear skies above the Rocky Mountains, while its hardy nature mirrors the resilience required to thrive in Idaho’s variable climate. The bird appears early in spring, often before the snow has fully melted, signaling hope and renewal—an attribute particularly meaningful in a state with long winters.

Culturally, the mountain bluebird has been associated with positivity and spiritual upliftment in various Native American traditions. Some Shoshone and Nez Perce stories portray bluebirds as messengers of good fortune and harmony. While these narratives were not the primary basis for the official designation, they enrich the symbolic depth of the bird’s status.

In modern times, the mountain bluebird serves as an ambassador for environmental stewardship. Its dependence on open spaces and native ecosystems highlights the importance of preserving rangelands and combating habitat fragmentation—a growing concern in rapidly developing regions of southern Idaho.

Where and When to See Mountain Bluebirds in Idaho

For birdwatchers and outdoor enthusiasts asking 'what is the state bird for Idaho' and hoping to see it in person, timing and location are key. Mountain bluebirds begin arriving in Idaho from their wintering grounds in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico as early as February in lower elevations, with peak visibility occurring from March through July.

Prime viewing locations include:

• Craters of the Moon National Monument – Open lava fields with scattered juniper provide ideal foraging and nesting habitat.
• Sawtooth National Recreation Area – High-altitude meadows attract breeding pairs during summer.
• Hell's Canyon – One of the deepest river gorges in North America supports diverse birdlife, including bluebirds.
• Camas National Wildlife Refuge – Wetland edges and grasslands offer excellent opportunities for spotting them alongside other grassland species.

Early morning hours during spring and summer yield the best sightings, as males sing from prominent perches to defend territory and attract mates. Binoculars and a field guide focused on western North American birds will enhance the experience. Additionally, participating in citizen science projects like eBird can help track seasonal movements and contribute valuable data to ongoing research.

Conservation Status and Threats

While the mountain bluebird is currently listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), localized threats persist. Habitat loss due to agricultural conversion, urban expansion, and invasive plant species poses challenges. Competition for nesting cavities from non-native species such as European starlings and house sparrows further pressures populations.

Climate change may also affect migration patterns and breeding success. Warmer temperatures could shift suitable habitats upward in elevation, potentially reducing available nesting areas. Prolonged droughts impact insect abundance, directly affecting chick survival rates.

Fortunately, numerous conservation initiatives support the species. Organizations like the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Audubon Society chapters, and private land trusts promote nest box programs and habitat restoration. Landowners are encouraged to maintain open fields with minimal pesticide use and to install properly designed nest boxes facing east or southeast, away from prevailing winds.

How to Attract Mountain Bluebirds to Your Yard

If you live within the mountain bluebird’s range and wish to support this iconic species, several practical steps can increase your chances of hosting them:

1. Install Nest Boxes: Use plans approved by the North American Bluebird Society. Mount boxes 4–6 feet above ground on poles in open areas, spaced at least 100 yards apart.
2. Avoid Chemical Pesticides: These reduce insect populations essential for feeding nestlings.
3. Provide Water Sources: A shallow birdbath or dripping water feature attracts birds for drinking and bathing.
4. Maintain Open Lawns: Avoid dense landscaping; bluebirds prefer unobstructed flight paths for hunting insects.
5. Monitor for Predators: Equip poles with predator guards to prevent access by snakes, raccoons, or cats.

It’s important to note that mountain bluebirds do not use bird feeders like finches or cardinals. However, offering mealworms in a separate dish may occasionally draw them in, especially during nesting season.

Common Misconceptions About the Mountain Bluebird

Despite its popularity, several myths surround the mountain bluebird. One common misconception is that it is identical to the eastern bluebird. While similar in appearance, the eastern bluebird prefers wooded edges and suburban areas, whereas the mountain bluebird favors higher, more open terrain. Another myth suggests that bluebirds only eat berries—but in reality, they are primarily insectivorous during the warmer months.

Additionally, some believe that all blue-colored birds seen in Idaho are mountain bluebirds. However, the western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) also occurs in parts of southern Idaho, particularly in oak-juniper woodlands. Distinguishing features include the male western bluebird’s rust-colored throat and flanks, absent in the mountain bluebird.

Feature	Mountain Bluebird	Western Bluebird	Eastern Bluebird
Male Plumage Color	Uniform sky blue	Blue upperparts, rusty throat/breast	Blue upperparts, reddish-brown breast
Habitat Preference	Open country, high elevation	Woodland edges, savannas	Suburban areas, forest clearings
Nesting Behavior	Cavity nester, uses nest boxes	Same	Same
Range in Idaho	Statewide, especially central/south	Limited to southern regions	Rare visitor

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Idaho adopt the mountain bluebird as its state bird?
The mountain bluebird was officially adopted as Idaho’s state bird on March 5, 1931.

Can I see the mountain bluebird year-round in Idaho?
Most mountain bluebirds migrate south for winter. They are commonly seen from February to September, though rare individuals may overwinter in milder areas.

Are there state birds similar to Idaho’s in nearby states?
Yes. Nevada and Utah also have the mountain bluebird as their state bird, reflecting its regional significance.

Do female mountain bluebirds look different from males?
Yes. Females have grayish-blue wings and tail with a pale orange wash on the breast, less vibrant than the male’s solid blue.

How can I help conserve mountain bluebirds?
Support habitat preservation, install monitored nest boxes, avoid pesticides, and participate in bird surveys like the Christmas Bird Count or Breeding Bird Survey.