What Is the State Bird of Oklahoma? Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

The state bird of Oklahoma is the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), a graceful and distinctive bird known for its long, crossed tail feathers that resemble open scissors—giving rise to its name and making it one of the most visually striking birds in the southern United States. Chosen as Oklahoma’s official state bird in 1951, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher symbolizes the natural beauty and ecological diversity of the Sooner State. This avian emblem is not only a beloved sight among birdwatchers but also holds cultural significance as a representation of resilience, elegance, and regional pride. As interest grows in native wildlife and symbolic state emblems, many nature enthusiasts are searching for answers to queries like 'what is the state bird of Oklahoma' and 'why did Oklahoma choose the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher as its state bird.'

Historical Background: How the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Became Oklahoma's State Bird

Oklahoma officially adopted the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher as its state bird on June 13, 1951, replacing the previous state bird, the Eastern Meadowlark, which had held the title since 1927. The change came after a concerted campaign led by schoolchildren and supported by the Oklahoma Ornithological Society. Students across the state voted in favor of the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher due to its unique appearance, local abundance, and symbolic connection to Oklahoma’s prairie landscapes.

The decision reflected a broader movement during the mid-20th century to align state symbols with species that were both biologically significant and regionally iconic. Unlike the meadowlark, which is found across much of North America, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher has a strong association with the south-central United States—particularly Oklahoma, Texas, and parts of Kansas and Louisiana. Its prominence during spring and summer months made it a familiar and cherished presence in rural and suburban areas alike.

Biological Profile: Understanding the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher belongs to the tyrant flycatcher family (Tyrannidae) and is scientifically classified as Tyrannus forficatus. It measures approximately 10 inches in length, though nearly half of that comes from its dramatically elongated tail—especially prominent in males. Adults display pale gray upperparts, salmon-pink flanks, and black-and-white wings, while juveniles appear duller with shorter tails.

This bird is primarily insectivorous, feeding on flying insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and moths. It hunts by perching on exposed branches or utility wires, then sallying out to snatch prey mid-air—a behavior known as 'hawking.' During migration, it may supplement its diet with berries, particularly from sumac and hackberry trees.

Biological Feature	Description
Scientific Name	Tyrannus forficatus
Average Length	9–10 inches (tail accounts for up to 6 inches)
Wingspan	14–15 inches
Diet	Insects (grasshoppers, flies, moths); occasionally berries
Habitat	Open grasslands, pastures, savannas, roadsides
Breeding Range	South-central U.S., primarily Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas
Migration Pattern	Neotropical migrant; winters in southern Mexico and Central America

Seasonal Behavior and Migration Patterns

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is a neotropical migrant, arriving in Oklahoma typically between late March and early April. Breeding occurs from May through July, during which time males perform elaborate aerial displays to attract mates, showcasing their impressive tails in looping flights. Nesting takes place in isolated trees, shrubs, or even man-made structures, often near open fields where food is abundant.

By late September or October, these birds begin their southward migration to southern Mexico and Central America. Their departure marks the end of the breeding season and a shift in local birdwatching opportunities. For those interested in observing them in peak condition, late spring to midsummer offers the best chances, especially at dawn or dusk when they are most active.

Cultural Significance and Symbolism

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is more than just a biological entity—it carries deep cultural meaning within Oklahoma. It appears on state highway signs, license plates, and promotional materials, serving as a living emblem of Oklahoman identity. The bird’s agility and striking appearance have inspired artists, poets, and educators, reinforcing its status as a symbol of grace and freedom.

In Native American traditions, particularly among the Osage and Cherokee nations whose ancestral lands include present-day Oklahoma, birds with long tails were sometimes seen as messengers between worlds. While there is no direct historical record linking indigenous peoples to the specific veneration of this species, the broader spiritual respect for avian life enhances the bird’s symbolic weight.

Moreover, the selection process involving schoolchildren underscores democratic values and civic engagement, making the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher not only a natural icon but also a symbol of community participation in shaping state identity.

Where and When to See the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Oklahoma

For birdwatchers and nature lovers seeking to observe the state bird in its natural habitat, several locations across Oklahoma offer excellent viewing opportunities:

• Tucker Wildlife Management Area (Cimarron County): Offers expansive grasslands ideal for flycatcher foraging.
• Deep Fork National Wildlife Refuge (Pottawatomie County): Provides riparian corridors and open woodlands where nesting pairs can be spotted.
• Great Salt Plains State Park (Alfalfa County): A popular stopover during migration seasons.
• Chickasaw National Recreation Area (Johnston County): Known for diverse birdlife and accessible trails.

The best times to view the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher are during the breeding season (May–July), particularly in the early morning hours when they are most vocal and active. Look for them perched on fence posts, power lines, or lone trees in open terrain. Their flight pattern—swift, acrobatic, and often accompanied by soft calls—is unmistakable once learned.

Conservation Status and Environmental Challenges

Currently, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is listed as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, localized declines have been observed due to habitat loss from agricultural intensification, urban development, and pesticide use affecting insect populations.

Climate change poses an emerging threat, potentially altering migration timing and breeding success. Drought conditions in Oklahoma can reduce insect availability, impacting chick survival rates. Conservation efforts focus on preserving native grasslands, promoting sustainable land management practices, and encouraging citizen science initiatives such as eBird reporting to monitor population trends.

Individuals can contribute by supporting conservation organizations, planting native vegetation to support insect biodiversity, and avoiding chemical pesticides in backyard gardens. Participating in annual bird counts helps scientists track distribution changes over time.

Common Misconceptions About Oklahoma’s State Bird

Despite its fame, several misconceptions persist about the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher:

• Misconception 1: It is related to swallows. While it shares similar aerial feeding habits, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher is not a swallow. It belongs to the tyrant flycatcher family, which lacks the streamlined body and forked tail structure typical of true swallows.
• Misconception 2: It lives in forests. In reality, it prefers open habitats such as prairies, pastures, and savannas. Dense forests are avoided.
• Misconception 3: It stays year-round. The bird is migratory and leaves Oklahoma each fall for warmer climates.
• Misconception 4: Only males have long tails. Females also have elongated tails, though noticeably shorter than males’.

How to Support and Celebrate Oklahoma’s State Bird

There are numerous ways to honor and protect the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher beyond passive observation:

1. Join local birding groups such as the Oklahoma Audubon Council to participate in guided walks and conservation projects.
2. Install nest platforms or preserve dead trees (snags) that provide perching and nesting sites, provided safety allows.
3. Educate others by sharing facts about the bird in schools, libraries, or community events.
4. Advocate for green space preservation in urban planning discussions to maintain critical habitats.
5. Report sightings via apps like eBird to contribute valuable data to researchers studying range shifts and population health.

Additionally, Oklahoma hosts annual events celebrating native wildlife, including festivals that highlight the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Checking with state parks or nature centers for scheduled programs can enhance public appreciation and foster stewardship.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why did Oklahoma choose the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher as its state bird?

Oklahoma chose the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in 1951 because of its unique appearance, regional abundance, and popularity among schoolchildren who participated in a statewide vote organized by the Oklahoma Ornithological Society.

Is the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher found only in Oklahoma?

No, while it is most commonly associated with Oklahoma, the bird breeds across the south-central United States, including Texas, Kansas, Louisiana, and parts of Arkansas and Missouri. Oklahoma remains central to its breeding range.

When can you see the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Oklahoma?

The best time to see the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher in Oklahoma is from April through September. They arrive in spring for breeding and migrate south by October.

What does the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher eat?

It primarily eats flying insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and moths. During migration, it may also consume small berries.

Can I attract Scissor-tailed Flycatchers to my yard?

You can increase your chances by maintaining open spaces with scattered trees or tall perches like utility poles or dead snags. Avoid using pesticides to ensure a healthy supply of insects. However, they rarely use traditional bird feeders.