What Is the Nebraska State Bird? Western Meadowlark Facts

The Nebraska state bird is the Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), a melodious songbird known for its bright yellow breast and distinctive black V-shaped marking. Officially adopted as the state symbol in 1929, the Western Meadowlark represents Nebraska's rich prairie heritage and open grasslands. This designation reflects both the bird’s widespread presence across the state and its cultural significance to Nebraskans. As one of the most recognizable birds in the Great Plains region, the Western Meadowlark stands out not only for its striking appearance but also for its flute-like song, often heard echoing across fields during spring and summer mornings. The selection of the Western Meadowlark as Nebraska’s official state bird was part of a broader movement in the early 20th century when states began adopting official symbols to foster regional pride and identity.

Historical Background: How the Western Meadowlark Became Nebraska’s State Bird

The journey to selecting the Western Meadowlark as Nebraska’s state bird began in the 1920s, a time when many U.S. states were formalizing their official emblems. In 1929, following advocacy from schoolchildren and local ornithological societies, the Nebraska legislature officially designated the Western Meadowlark as the state bird. This decision was influenced by several factors, including the bird’s abundance throughout the state, its cheerful song, and its strong association with rural landscapes.

Interestingly, the process involved public input, particularly from students who participated in campaigns supporting the bird. At the time, other contenders included the Bobwhite Quail and the Northern Cardinal, but the Western Meadowlark emerged as the favorite due to its year-round presence and symbolic connection to Nebraska’s agricultural roots. Unlike migratory species that only pass through seasonally, the Western Meadowlark can be found in various parts of Nebraska throughout much of the year, especially in grasslands, pastures, and along roadsides.

Biological Profile of the Western Meadowlark

The Western Meadowlark is a medium-sized songbird belonging to the Icteridae family, which includes blackbirds, orioles, and grackles. Despite its name, it is not closely related to true larks (family Alaudidae). Adults typically measure between 8.5 to 11 inches in length, with a wingspan of about 13 to 16 inches. They weigh approximately 3.1 to 4.1 ounces, making them slightly larger than a House Sparrow but smaller than a Robin.

One of the most distinguishing features of the Western Meadowlark is its vibrant plumage. It has a bright yellow throat and underparts marked by a bold black 'V' on the upper chest. Its back is streaked with brown and buff tones, providing excellent camouflage in grassy habitats. Both males and females share similar coloration, though males tend to be slightly more brightly colored.

Vocalizations are another defining trait. The Western Meadowlark’s song is a rich, warbling melody consisting of clear whistles, often described as flute-like. Each male may have multiple song types, used to defend territory and attract mates. These songs differ regionally, contributing to dialects among populations—a fascinating subject for bioacoustics researchers.

Characteristic	Description
Scientific Name	Sturnella neglecta
Length	8.5–11 inches (22–28 cm)
Wingspan	13–16 inches (33–41 cm)
Weight	3.1–4.1 oz (87–115 g)
Lifespan (wild)	2–8 years
Habitat	Grasslands, meadows, pastures, agricultural fields
Diet	Insects, seeds, grains
Nesting Behavior	Ground nester; builds domed nests with side entrances

Habitat and Distribution in Nebraska

The Western Meadowlark thrives in open country, particularly native prairies, hayfields, and rangelands—ecosystems historically dominant across Nebraska. While habitat loss due to urban development and intensive agriculture has reduced available nesting areas, the species remains relatively common in rural regions such as the Sandhills, the Platte River Valley, and the Rainwater Basin.

Nebraska lies within the central flyway, making it an important corridor for many bird species, including the Western Meadowlark. Though primarily non-migratory in southern portions of the state, northern populations may move southward during harsh winters. Observers are most likely to spot them from March through October, especially during dawn and dusk when males sing prominently from fence posts or low shrubs.

Conservation efforts focus on preserving grassland habitats through programs like the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), which incentivizes landowners to maintain native vegetation. These initiatives benefit not only the Western Meadowlark but also pollinators, waterfowl, and other grassland-dependent species.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance

Beyond its biological attributes, the Western Meadowlark holds deep cultural meaning in Nebraska. Its song evokes feelings of openness, freedom, and connection to the land—values cherished in the Heartland. The bird appears on commemorative coins, school murals, and even state tourism materials, symbolizing Nebraska’s natural beauty and agrarian traditions.

Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains, including the Omaha and Pawnee nations, have long recognized the meadowlark’s presence. Some tribal stories portray the bird as a messenger or a bringer of good news, linking its song to renewal and hope. This spiritual dimension adds depth to its status as a state emblem.

Moreover, the Western Meadowlark is shared as a state bird by six U.S. states—Nebraska, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming—highlighting its regional importance. However, each state celebrates it differently. In Nebraska, annual events such as Prairie Day at the University of Nebraska State Museum often feature educational segments about the bird, reinforcing public awareness.

How to Observe the Western Meadowlark in the Wild

For birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, spotting a Western Meadowlark in Nebraska can be a rewarding experience. Here are practical tips for successful observation:

• Choose the Right Habitat: Focus on open fields, roadside verges with tall grass, and restored prairies. Avoid heavily wooded or urbanized areas.
• Visit During Breeding Season: Late April through July offers the best chances to hear males singing and see courtship displays.
• Listen for the Song: Learn to distinguish the Western Meadowlark’s flutelike tune from the similar but shorter phrases of the Eastern Meadowlark, which has a more gurgling quality.
• Use Binoculars: Scan fence lines and low perches where males often sing. Look for the bright yellow chest and black 'V' marking.
• Respect Nesting Areas: Nests are hidden on the ground, so stay on trails to avoid disturbing breeding pairs.

Popular locations for viewing include Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge. Local Audubon chapters frequently organize guided bird walks during migration seasons, offering opportunities to learn from experienced naturalists.

Common Misconceptions About the Western Meadowlark

Despite its popularity, several misconceptions persist about the Western Meadowlark. One common error is confusing it with the Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). While they look nearly identical, their songs are distinctly different, and their ranges only partially overlap. Genetic studies show they are separate species despite interbreeding in narrow contact zones.

Another misconception is that the bird is in no conservation danger. In reality, the Western Meadowlark has experienced population declines of over 70% since the 1970s, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. This trend is attributed to habitat fragmentation, pesticide use, and changes in farming practices that reduce insect availability for chicks.

Lastly, some believe that because it's a state symbol, the bird receives special legal protections. However, while protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, it does not have additional state-level safeguards beyond general wildlife regulations.

Supporting Western Meadowlark Conservation

Individuals can contribute to the preservation of Nebraska’s state bird in meaningful ways:

• Plant Native Grasses: Homeowners and land managers can create bird-friendly spaces by replacing lawns with native prairie plants.
• Reduce Pesticide Use: Limiting chemical applications helps maintain healthy insect populations essential for chick survival.
• Support Land Trusts: Donate to or volunteer with organizations working to conserve grassland ecosystems.
• Participate in Citizen Science: Join projects like eBird or the Christmas Bird Count to help track population trends.
• Educate Others: Share knowledge about the Western Meadowlark’s ecological role and cultural value in schools and community groups.

By taking these steps, Nebraskans can ensure that future generations continue to enjoy the sight and sound of this iconic bird.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When did Nebraska adopt the Western Meadowlark as its state bird?

Nebraska officially adopted the Western Meadowlark as its state bird in 1929.

Is the Western Meadowlark found only in Nebraska?

No, the Western Meadowlark is native to western and central North America and is also the state bird of five other states: Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming.

What does the Western Meadowlark eat?

Its diet consists mainly of insects during the breeding season and seeds and grains in winter.

Can you keep a Western Meadowlark as a pet?

No, it is illegal to keep native wild birds as pets under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

Why is the Western Meadowlark important to Nebraska’s ecosystem?

It helps control insect populations and serves as an indicator species for grassland health.